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  2. Toponymy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponymy

    In a more specific sense, the term toponymy refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as toponymics or toponomastics. [7] Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds. [8] A person who studies toponymy is called toponymist. [1]

  3. List of words derived from toponyms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_words_derived_from...

    Bay Street — Canada's financial industry (similar to Wall Street), after Bay Street, the main street of Toronto's financial district; Beltway — the pundits, political leaders, and opinion-makers of Washington, D.C., after the highway surrounding the city

  4. Topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology

    A three-dimensional model of a figure-eight knot.The figure-eight knot is a prime knot and has an Alexander–Briggs notation of 4 1.. Topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling ...

  5. Place Names - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_Names:_Approaches...

    Place Names: Approaches and Perspectives in Toponymy and Toponomastics is a book by linguists and authors Francesco Perono Cacciafoco and Francesco Paolo Cavallaro. The book explores toponymy and toponomastics. Through associating these studies with various disciplines and elucidating key methodologies with illustrative case studies, the volume ...

  6. List of generic forms in place names in the British Isles

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_generic_forms_in...

    This article lists a number of common generic forms in place names in the British Isles, their meanings and some examples of their use.The study of place names is called toponymy; for a more detailed examination of this subject in relation to British and Irish place names, refer to Toponymy in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

  7. Topos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topos

    The main utility of this notion is in the abundance of situations in mathematics where topological heuristics are very effective, but an honest topological space is lacking; it is sometimes possible to find a topos formalizing the heuristic. An important example of this programmatic idea is the étale topos of a scheme. Another illustration of ...

  8. Algebraic topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_topology

    In mathematics, homotopy groups are used in algebraic topology to classify topological spaces. The first and simplest homotopy group is the fundamental group , which records information about loops in a space.

  9. Topological space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_space

    In mathematics, a topological space is, roughly speaking, a geometrical space in which closeness is defined but cannot necessarily be measured by a numeric distance.More specifically, a topological space is a set whose elements are called points, along with an additional structure called a topology, which can be defined as a set of neighbourhoods for each point that satisfy some axioms ...