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Ancient Greek military equipment (6 C, 30 P) Ancient Macedonian military equipment (1 C, 5 P) M. Military ranks of ancient Macedon (9 P)
The word hoplite (Greek ὁπλίτης, hoplitēs) derives from hoplon (ὅπλον, plural hopla, ὅπλα) meaning the arms carried by a hoplite [1] Hoplites were the citizen-soldiers of the Ancient Greek City-states (except Spartans who were professional soldiers). They were primarily armed as spear-men and fought in a phalanx (see below).
In Greek mythology, Polemos / ˈ p ɒ l ɪ ˌ m ɒ s / or Polemus / ˈ p ɒ l ɪ m ə s / (Ancient Greek: Πόλεμος Pólemos; "war") was a daemon; a divine personification or embodiment of war. [1] No cult practices or myths are known for him, and as an abstract representation he figures mainly in allegory and philosophical discourse. [2]
Ancient Greek weapons and armor were primarily geared towards combat between individuals. Their primary technique was called the phalanx , a formation consisting of massed shield wall, which required heavy frontal armor and medium-ranged weapons such as spears. [ 1 ]
Similarly, a lochagos normally commands a lochos (a word that originally meant "warband"), which in Ancient Greece was a 100-strong hoplite unit, but in modern Greek usage is equivalent to an infantry company.
The first reference to the Spartans at war is in the Iliad, in which they featured among the other Greek contingents.Like the rest of the Mycenaean-era armies, it was depicted as composed mainly of infantry, equipped with short swords, spears, and Dipylon-type shields ("8"-shaped simple round bronze shields).
In political history, stasis (Ancient Greek: στάσις in the sense of "faction, discord"; plural: staseis) refers to an episode of civil war within an ancient Greek city-state or polis. It was the result of opposition between groups of citizens, fighting over the constitution of the city or over social and economic problems. [1]
Alala / ˈ æ l ə l ə / (Ancient Greek: Ἀλαλά (alalá); "battle-cry" or "war-cry") was the personification of the war cry in Greek mythology. Her name derives from the onomatopoeic Greek word ἀλαλή (alalḗ), [1] hence the verb ἀλαλάζω (alalázō), "to raise the war-cry".