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A light source passes behind a gravitational lens (invisible point mass placed in the center of the image). The aqua circle is the light source as it would be seen if there were no lens, while white spots are the multiple images of the source (see Einstein ring).
The equivalence between gravitational and inertial effects does not constitute a complete theory of gravity. When it comes to explaining gravity near our own location on the Earth's surface, noting that our reference frame is not in free fall, so that fictitious forces are to be expected, provides a suitable explanation. But a freely falling ...
Rotational frame-dragging (the Lense–Thirring effect) appears in the general principle of relativity and similar theories in the vicinity of rotating massive objects. . Under the Lense–Thirring effect, the frame of reference in which a clock ticks the fastest is one which is revolving around the object as viewed by a distant obs
This suggests the definition of a new class of inertial motion, namely that of objects in free fall under the influence of gravity. This new class of preferred motions, too, defines a geometry of space and time—in mathematical terms, it is the geodesic motion associated with a specific connection which depends on the gradient of the ...
An embedded lens is a gravitational lens that consists of a concentration of mass enclosed by (embedded in) a relative void in the surrounding distribution of matter: both the mass and the presence of a void surrounding it will affect the path of light passing through the vicinity.
Angles involved in a thin gravitational lens system. As shown in the diagram on the right, the difference between the unlensed angular position β → {\displaystyle {\vec {\beta }}} and the observed position θ → {\displaystyle {\vec {\theta }}} is this deflection angle, reduced by a ratio of distances, described as the lens equation
Putting the Sun immobile at the origin, when the Earth is moving in an orbit of radius R with velocity v presuming that the gravitational influence moves with velocity c, moves the Sun's true position ahead of its optical position, by an amount equal to vR/c, which is the travel time of gravity from the sun to the Earth times the relative ...
The Juno spacecraft's suite of science instruments will primarily characterize and explore the three-dimensional structure of Jupiter's polar magnetosphere, auroras and mass composition. [4] As Juno is a polar-orbit mission, it will be possible to measure the orbital frame-dragging , known also as Lense–Thirring precession, caused by the ...