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In group theory, the symmetry group of a geometric object is the group of all transformations under which the object is invariant, endowed with the group operation of composition. Such a transformation is an invertible mapping of the ambient space which takes the object to itself, and which preserves all the relevant structure of the object.
The symmetric group on a set of size n is the Galois group of the general polynomial of degree n and plays an important role in Galois theory. In invariant theory, the symmetric group acts on the variables of a multi-variate function, and the functions left invariant are the so-called symmetric functions.
This article summarizes the classes of discrete symmetry groups of the Euclidean plane. The symmetry groups are named here by three naming schemes: International notation, orbifold notation, and Coxeter notation. There are three kinds of symmetry groups of the plane: 2 families of rosette groups – 2D point groups; 7 frieze groups – 2D line ...
Therefore, a symmetry group of rotational symmetry is a subgroup of the special Euclidean group E + (m). Symmetry with respect to all rotations about all points implies translational symmetry with respect to all translations (because translations are compositions of rotations about distinct points), [18] and the symmetry group is the whole E ...
There are five fundamental symmetry classes which have triangular fundamental domains: dihedral, cyclic, tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral symmetry. This article lists the groups by Schoenflies notation , Coxeter notation , [ 1 ] orbifold notation , [ 2 ] and order.
D nh is the symmetry group for a "regular" n-gonal prism and also for a "regular" n-gonal bipyramid. D nd is the symmetry group for a "regular" n-gonal antiprism, and also for a "regular" n-gonal trapezohedron. D n is the symmetry group of a partially rotated ("twisted") prism. The groups D 2 and D 2h are noteworthy in that there is no special ...
In a symmetry group, the group elements are the symmetry operations (not the symmetry elements), and the binary combination consists of applying first one symmetry operation and then the other. An example is the sequence of a C 4 rotation about the z-axis and a reflection in the xy-plane, denoted σ(xy) C 4 .
The concept of a transformation group is closely related with the concept of a symmetry group: transformation groups frequently consist of all transformations that preserve a certain structure. The theory of transformation groups forms a bridge connecting group theory with differential geometry.
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