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Various variants of the CYP21A2 gene result various degrees of hyperandrogenism, some of which may be such a mild that they may not even cause problems in males and may not be recognized until adolescence or later in females. [113] Mild androgen effects in young women may include hirsutism, acne, or anovulation (which in turn can cause ...
Hyperandrogenism is a medical condition characterized by high levels of androgens.It is more common in women than men. [4] Symptoms of hyperandrogenism may include acne, seborrhea, hair loss on the scalp, increased body or facial hair, and infrequent or absent menstruation.
In girls, the adrenal androgens of adrenarche produce most of the early androgenic changes of puberty: pubic hair, body odor, skin oiliness, and acne. In most girls the early androgen effects coincide with, or are a few months following, the earliest estrogenic effects of gonadal puberty (breast development and growth acceleration).
A mutation in one (but not both) results in a minimally affected, fertile, female carrier. Some carriers have been noted to have slightly reduced body hair, delayed puberty, and/or tall stature, presumably due to skewed X-inactivation. [3] [4] A female carrier will pass the affected AR gene to her children 50% of the time. If the affected child ...
Women with hyperthecosis often have more markedly elevated testosterone, more hirsutism, and are much more likely to be virilized. [4] While elevated androgens in postmenopausal women is rare, [5] hyperthecosis can present in both premenopausal or postmenopausal women. Women with hyperthecosis may or may not have always had underlying PCOS. [6]
Persons with a complete androgen insensitivity have a typical female external phenotype, despite having a 46,XY karyotype. [16] [17]Individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (grades 6 and 7 on the Quigley scale) are born with an external female phenotype, without any signs of genital masculinization, despite having a 46,XY karyotype. [18]
Androgen deficiency most commonly affects women, and is also called Female androgen insufficiency syndrome (FAIS), although it can happen in both sexes. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Androgenic activity is mediated by androgens (a class of steroid hormones with varying affinities for the androgen receptor ), and is dependent on various factors including androgen ...
Women retain more of the less visible vellus hair, although leg, arm, and foot hair can be noticeable on women. It is not unusual for women to have a few terminal hairs around their nipples as well. In the later decades of life, especially after the fifth decade, there begins a noticeable reduction in body hair especially in the legs.