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The hydrogen chromate ion, HCrO 4 −, is a weak acid: HCrO − 4 ⇌ CrO 2− 4 + H +; pK a ≈ 5.9. It is also in equilibrium with the dichromate ion: 2 HCrO − 4 ⇌ Cr 2 O 2− 7 + H 2 O. This equilibrium does not involve a change in hydrogen ion concentration, which would predict that the equilibrium is independent of pH.
The change in equilibrium is visible by a change from yellow (chromate) to orange (dichromate), such as when an acid is added to a neutral solution of potassium chromate. At yet lower pH values, further condensation to more complex oxyanions of chromium is possible. Both the chromate and dichromate anions are strong oxidizing reagents at low pH ...
Structure of CrO(O 2) 2 (pyridine).Hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are omitted. Color code: Cr = gray, C= black, H = white, O= red, N = blue. Chromium(VI) oxide peroxide is formed by the addition of acidified hydrogen peroxide solutions to solutions of metal chromates or dichromates, such as sodium chromate or potassium dichromate.
The change in equilibrium is visible by a change from yellow (chromate) to orange (dichromate), such as when an acid is added to a neutral solution of potassium chromate. At yet lower pH values, further condensation to more complex oxyanions of chromium is possible. Both the chromate and dichromate anions are strong oxidizing reagents at low pH ...
As pH rises the chromate ion becomes ever more predominant, until it is the only species in solutions with pH > 6.75. At pH < pK 1 the hydrogen chromate ion, HCrO − 4 is predominant in dilute solution. The dichromate ion, Cr 2 O 2− 7, is predominant in more concentrated solutions, except at high pH.
pyridinium dichromate (PDC) is the pyridium salt of dichromate, [Cr 2 O 7] 2-. pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) is the pyridinium salt of [CrO 3 Cl] −. These salts are less reactive, more easily handled, and more selective than Collins reagent in oxidations of alcohols.
Aluminium chromate conversion coatings are amorphous in structure with a gel-like composition hydrated with water. [18] Chromate conversion is a common way of passivating not only aluminium, but also zinc, cadmium, copper, silver, magnesium, and tin alloys. Anodizing is an electrolytic process that forms a thicker oxide layer.
Like conventional esters, the formation of this chromate ester is accelerated by the acid. These esters can be isolated when the alcohol is tertiary because these lack the α hydrogen that would be lost to form the carbonyl. For example, using tert-butyl alcohol, one can isolate tert-butyl chromate ((CH 3) 3 CO) 2 CrO 2), which is itself a good ...