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Additionally, while positive self-image is a shared characteristic of narcissism and self-esteem, narcissistic self-appraisals are exaggerated, whereas in non-narcissistic self-esteem, positive views of the self compared with others are relatively modest.
Low self-esteem that stems from teenage advertising can have detrimental effects on teenagers. Seventy-five percent of young women with low self-esteem report engaging in negative activities such as "cutting, bullying, smoking, or drinking when feeling bad about themselves". Teen promiscuity is another possible effect of low self-esteem. [20]
The Six Pillars of Self-Esteem is a psychology book written by Nathaniel Branden. The book describes what Branden believes are the key elements that raise or lower the self-esteem of an individual. Branden's six pillars are: The Practice of Living Consciously; The Practice of Self-Acceptance; The Practice of Self-Responsibility
The National Association for Self-Esteem (NASE) is an American organization devoted to promoting the importance of self-esteem.The organization describes its purpose as "to fully integrate self-esteem into the fabric of American society so that every individual, no matter what their age or background, experiences personal worth and happiness."
Author Charles Murray, although critical of the self-esteem movement in general, is somewhat more positive about Branden. Murray said it would have been better if other promoters of self-esteem "had focused on self-esteem as Branden described it—an internalized sense of self-responsibility and self-sufficiency." [16]
An individual's self-esteem fluctuates in response to different events. [2] Men and women alike are also selective about which events affect their self-esteem. [2] This instability of self-esteem is the result of having contingent self-worth. [2] Good and bad events can momentarily raise or lower feelings of self-esteem. [2]
Indeed, damaged self-esteem has been found to correlate with a maladaptive pattern of perfectionism, which is hinged upon rigidly high expectations that often contribute to failure. [12] The development of damaged self-esteem also showed a relationship to the use of self-defeating humor as a coping strategy, however, the causal direction is ...
The Rosenberg self-esteem scale is considered a reliable and valid quantitative tool for self-esteem assessment. [5] The RSES has been translated and adapted to various languages, such as Persian, [6] French, [7] Chinese, [8] Italian, [9] German, [10] Portuguese, [11] and Spanish. [12]