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The OCSP responder uses the certificate serial number to look up the revocation status of Alice's certificate. The OCSP responder looks in a CA database that Carol maintains. In this scenario, Carol's CA database is the only trusted location where a compromise to Alice's certificate would be recorded.
A log appends new certificates to an ever-growing Merkle hash tree. [1]: §4 To be seen as behaving correctly, a log must: Verify that each submitted certificate or precertificate has a valid signature chain leading back to a trusted root certificate authority certificate. Refuse to publish certificates without this valid signature chain.
In public key infrastructure (PKI) systems, a certificate signing request (CSR or certification request) is a message sent from an applicant to a certificate authority of the public key infrastructure (PKI) in order to apply for a digital identity certificate. The CSR usually contains the public key for which the certificate should be issued ...
OpenSSL is a software library for applications that provide secure communications over computer networks against eavesdropping, and identify the party at the other end. It is widely used by Internet servers, including the majority of HTTPS websites. OpenSSL contains an open-source implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols.
In 2004, a patch for adding TLS/SNI into OpenSSL was created by the EdelKey project. [37] In 2006, this patch was then ported to the development branch of OpenSSL, and in 2007 it was back-ported to OpenSSL 0.9.8 (first released in 0.9.8f [38]). First web browsers with SNI support appeared in 2006 (Mozilla Firefox 2.0, Internet Explorer 7), web ...
The Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) is the IETF's standard for cryptographically protected messages. It can be used by cryptographic schemes and protocols to digitally sign, digest, authenticate or encrypt any form of digital data.
RFC 5280 defines self-signed certificates as "self-issued certificates where the digital signature may be verified by the public key bound into the certificate" [7] whereas a self-issued certificate is a certificate "in which the issuer and subject are the same entity". While in the strict sense the RFC makes this definition only for CA ...
This requirement of on-line validation negates one of the original major advantages of PKI over symmetric cryptography protocols, namely that the certificate is "self-authenticating". Symmetric systems such as Kerberos also depend on the existence of on-line services (a key distribution center in the case of Kerberos).