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Nutrient trading is a type of water quality trading, a market-based policy instrument used to improve or maintain water quality. The concept of water quality trading is based on the fact that different pollution sources in a watershed can face very different costs to control the same pollutant. [30]
The use of biological pest control agents, or using predators, parasitoids, parasites, and pathogens to control agricultural pests, has the potential to reduce agricultural pollution associated with other pest control techniques, such as pesticide use. The merits of introducing non-native biocontrol agents have been widely debated, however.
In 1996, the U.S. agricultural policy reform started with the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (1996 Act) that the agricultural market should be determined by the free market competition that the government canceled agricultural subsidies and required farmers to enroll in the Crop Insurance Program. [15]
The quality of irrigation water is very important to maintain soil fertility and tilth, and for using more soil depth by the plants. [26] When soil is irrigated with high alkaline water, unwanted sodium salts build up in the soil which would make soil draining capacity very poor.
For example, salts, nitrogen, metals and other nutrients that are present in many soil amendments are not productive when added in excess, and can actually be detrimental to plant health. (See fertilizer burn.) Runoff of excess nutrients into waterways also occurs, which is harmful to the water quality and, through it, the environment. [23]
1970 – Environmental Quality Improvement Act; 1972 – Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500). Major rewrite. 1972 – Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) (amended by Food Quality Protection Act of 1996) 1972 – Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972; 1973 – Endangered ...
Water quality laws govern the protection of water resources for human health and the environment. Water quality laws are legal standards or requirements governing water quality, that is, the concentrations of water pollutants in some regulated volume of water. Such standards are generally expressed as levels of a specific water pollutants ...
The 1972 act authorized continued use of the water quality-based approach, but in coordination with the technology-based standards. After application of technology-based standards to a permit, if water quality is still impaired for the particular water body, then the permit agency may add water quality-based limitations to that permit. The ...