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  2. Overpressure ammunition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpressure_ammunition

    Speer Gold Dot 124gr 9mm+P in SIG P226 magazines. Overpressure ammunition, commonly designated as +P or +P+ (pronounced Plus-P or Plus-P-Plus), is small arms ammunition that has been loaded to produce a higher internal pressure when fired than is standard for ammunition of its caliber (see internal ballistics), but less than the pressures generated by a proof round.

  3. Round-off error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-off_error

    Round-by-chop: The base-expansion of is truncated after the ()-th digit. This rounding rule is biased because it always moves the result toward zero. Round-to-nearest: () is set to the nearest floating-point number to . When there is a tie, the floating-point number whose last stored digit is even (also, the last digit, in binary form, is equal ...

  4. Hydrogen peroxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide

    Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.

  5. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    [8] [9] [10] In modern chemistry, the p stands for "the negative decimal logarithm of", and is used in the term pK a for acid dissociation constants, [11] so pH is "the negative decimal logarithm of H + ion concentration", while pOH is "the negative decimal logarithm of OH − ion concentration".

  6. p-chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-chart

    The binomial distribution is the basis for the p-chart and requires the following assumptions: [2]: 267 The probability of nonconformity p is the same for each unit; Each unit is independent of its predecessors or successors; The inspection procedure is the same for each sample and is carried out consistently from sample to sample

  7. Phase diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_diagram

    A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium.

  8. p-value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value

    In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value [note 1] is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct. [2] [3] A very small p-value means that such an extreme observed outcome would be very unlikely under the null hypothesis.

  9. Electron shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell

    In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell may be thought of as an orbit that electrons follow around an atom's nucleus.The closest shell to the nucleus is called the "1 shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the "2 shell" (or "L shell"), then the "3 shell" (or "M shell"), and so on further and further from the nucleus.