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The Grieco elimination is an organic reaction describing the elimination reaction of an aliphatic primary alcohol through a selenide to a terminal alkene. [1] [2] It is named for Paul Grieco. The alcohol first reacts with o-nitrophenylselenocyanate and tributylphosphine to form a selenide via a nucleophilic substitution on the electron ...
Formation of a secondary alcohol via alkene reduction and hydration is shown: The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction of alkenes are more reliable in organic synthesis. Alkenes react with N-bromosuccinimide and water in halohydrin formation reaction. Amines can be converted to diazonium salts, which are then hydrolyzed.
When alkenes undergo hydrobromination, the alkyl bromides are formed Markovnikov. Alkyne oxymercuration-demercuration: In this reaction, HgSO 4 reacts with an alkyne in a Markovnikov regioselective manner to form an enol that is tautomerized into a ketone. This process utilizes anti addition of an OH group to the more substituted carbon, making ...
The net result of the reaction will be an alcohol. The reaction equation for hydration of ethylene is: H 2 C=CH 2 + H 2 O→ H 3 C-CH 2 OH Example of hydrohalogenation: addition of HBr to an alkene. Hydrohalogenation involves addition of H−X to unsaturated hydrocarbons. This reaction results in new C−H and C−X σ bonds.
In biochemistry, hydroxylation reactions are often facilitated by enzymes called hydroxylases. These enzymes insert an O atom into a C−H bond. Typical stoichiometries for the hydroxylation of a generic hydrocarbon are these: 2R 3 C−H + O 2 → 2 R 3 C−OH R 3 C−H + O 2 + 2e − + 2H + → R 3 C−OH + H 2 O
In organic chemistry, the E i mechanism (Elimination Internal/Intramolecular), also known as a thermal syn elimination or a pericyclic syn elimination, is a special type of elimination reaction in which two vicinal (adjacent) substituents on an alkane framework leave simultaneously via a cyclic transition state to form an alkene in a syn elimination. [1]
The Heck reaction (also called the Mizoroki–Heck reaction) [1] is the chemical reaction of an unsaturated halide (or triflate) with an alkene in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst to form a substituted alkene. It is named after Tsutomu Mizoroki and Richard F. Heck.
A second significant side reaction in reactions of ketones and aldehydes is selanylation of the intermediate selenoxide. This process leads to elimination products retaining a carbon-selenium bond, [16] and is more difficult to prevent than the seleno-Pummerer reaction. Tertiary selenoxides, which are unable to undergo enolization, do not react ...