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Single-molecule magnets have been considered as potential building blocks for quantum computers. [33] A single-molecule magnet is a system of many interacting spins with clearly defined low-lying energy levels. The high symmetry of the single-molecule magnet allows for a simplification of the spins that can be controllable in external magnetic ...
Ionic bonds have high bond energy. Bond energy is the mean amount of energy required to break the bond in the gaseous state. Most ionic compounds exist in the form of a crystal structure, in which the ions occupy the corners of the crystal. Such a structure is called a crystal lattice.
The Dirac sea is a theoretical model of the electron vacuum as an infinite sea of electrons with negative energy, now called positrons. It was first postulated by the British physicist Paul Dirac in 1930 [1] to explain the anomalous negative-energy quantum states predicted by the relativistically-correct Dirac equation for electrons. [2]
Similar to a core electron, a valence electron has the ability to absorb or release energy in the form of a photon. An energy gain can trigger the electron to move (jump) to an outer shell; this is known as atomic excitation. Or the electron can even break free from its associated atom's shell; this is ionization to form a positive ion. When an ...
Left to right: energy levels of source, island and drain in a single-electron transistor for the blocking state (upper part) and transmitting state (lower part). Single-electron transistor with niobium leads and aluminium island. The simplest device in which the effect of Coulomb blockade can be observed is the so-called single-electron transistor.
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The curve that describes the force as function of the material depth is called the Bragg curve. This is of great practical importance for radiation therapy. The equation above defines the linear stopping power which in the international system is expressed in N but is usually indicated in other units like MeV/mm or similar. If a substance is ...
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