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  2. Kunming dialect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunming_dialect

    The differences between "old" Kunming dialect and the "new" dialect began in the 1940s. In the aftermath of the Second Sino-Japanese War, large numbers of refugees from the north of China and the Jiangnan region fled to Kunming, with profound effects for the politics, economy and culture of the city. This large influx of outsiders also had an ...

  3. Kunming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunming

    The Kunming dialect is very similar to that of Sichuan and Guizhou but uses the third tone much less than standard Chinese. Many terms are used only in Kunming dialect, such as "板扎" meaning 'terrific'. The pronunciations of certain Chinese characters are very different from Mandarin Chinese. For example, "鱼 (fish)" would be pronounced as ...

  4. List of varieties of Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_Chinese

    A Mandarin Chinese and Miao mixed language Maojia: 猫家话: 貓家話: A Qo-Xiong Miao and Chinese dialects mixed language Shaozhou Tuhua: 韶州土话: 韶州土話: A group of distinctive Chinese dialects in South China, including Yuebei Tuhua and Xiangnan Tuhua. It incorporates several Chinese dialects, as well as Yao languages. Tangwang ...

  5. Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(late_imperial...

    The traditional written form, Literary Chinese, was replaced with written vernacular Chinese, which drew its vocabulary and grammar from a range of Northern dialects (now known as Mandarin dialects). After unsuccessful attempts to define a cross-dialectal spoken standard, it was realized that a single spoken form must be selected.

  6. Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Mandarin_(division...

    In Chinese dialectology, Beijing Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 北京官话; traditional Chinese: 北京官話; pinyin: Běijīng Guānhuà) refers to a major branch of Mandarin Chinese recognized by the Language Atlas of China, encompassing a number of dialects spoken in areas of Beijing, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, and Tianjin, [1] the most important of which is the Beijing dialect ...

  7. Northeastern Mandarin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern_Mandarin

    The Language Atlas of China divided Northeastern Mandarin into three subgroups, following a classification be Hè Wēi based on the occurrence of nasal initials in words having a zero initial in Beijing: [3] [5] [6] Ji–Shen (吉瀋) in the east, including Jilin dialect and Shenyang dialect, has a zero initial in these words, as in Beijing.

  8. Southwestern Mandarin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin

    Southwestern Mandarin (Chinese: 西南官话; pinyin: Xīnán Guānhuà), also known as Upper Yangtze Mandarin (Chinese: 上江官话; pinyin: Shàngjiāng Guānhuà), is a Mandarin Chinese dialect spoken in much of Southwestern China, including in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guizhou, most parts of Hubei, the northwestern part of Hunan, the ...

  9. Lower Yangtze Mandarin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Yangtze_Mandarin

    The relationship of the Lower Yangtze Mandarin varieties to other varieties of Chinese has been an ongoing subject of debate. One quantitative study from the late 20th century by linguist Chin-Chuan Cheng focused on vocabulary lists, yielding the result that Eastern dialects of Jianghuai cluster with the Xiang and Gan varieties, whilst Northern and Southern Mandarin, despite being supposedly ...