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Insulin degludec/liraglutide, sold under the brand name Xultophy, is a fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes to improve glycemic control in combination with diet and exercise. [7] [8] It contains insulin degludec and liraglutide. [7] [8] It is administered by subcutaneous injection. [7] [8]
Common side effects include infections, acute infusion reactions, and abdominal pain. [23] Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody biologic. It seems to work by binding to and neutralizing TNF-α, preventing it from interacting with its receptors on the cell. [23] TNF-α is a chemical messenger and a key part of the autoimmune reaction.
Side effects include weight gain and hypoglycemia. While the potential for hypoglycemia is less than for those on sulfonylureas, [citation needed] it is still a serious potential side effect that can be life-threatening. Patients on this medication should know the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and appropriate management.
Novo is aiming to be the first to hit the market with a weekly insulin product, offering an alternative for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who now depend on multiple daily injections.
It works by increasing insulin release from the pancreas and decreases excessive glucagon release. [6] Common side effects include low blood sugar, nausea, dizziness, abdominal pain, and pain at the site of injection. [6] [10] Gastrointestinal side-effects tend to be strongest at the beginning of treatment period and subside over time. [10]
Some side effects are hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), hypokalemia (low blood potassium), and allergic reactions. [6] Allergy to insulin affected about 2% of people, of which most reactions are not due to the insulin itself but to preservatives added to insulin such as zinc, protamine, and meta-cresol.
The mechanism of action of repaglinide involves promoting insulin release from β-islet cells of the pancreas; like other antidiabetic drugs, a main side effect concern is hypoglycemia. [1] It is sold by Novo Nordisk under the name of Prandin in the United States, Gluconorm in Canada, Surepost in Japan, Repaglinide in Egypt, and Novonorm elsewhere.
Insulin degludec is a modified insulin that has one single amino acid deleted in comparison to human insulin, and is conjugated to hexadecanedioic acid via gamma-L-glutamyl spacer at the amino acid lysine at position B29. It is included on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines [11] as an equivalent to insulin glargine.
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