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While Romanian is the only official language at the national and local level, there are over 30 living languages identified as being spoken within Romania (5 of these are indigenous). [7] The Romanian laws include linguistic rights for all minority groups that form over 20% of a locality's population based on the census from 1992.
The history of the Romanian language started in the Roman provinces north of the Jireček Line in Classical antiquity but there are 3 main hypotheses about its exact territory: the autochthony thesis (it developed in left-Danube Dacia only), the discontinuation thesis (it developed in right-Danube provinces only), and the "as-well-as" thesis that supports the language development on both sides ...
Little is known of the substratum language but it is generally assumed to be an Indo-European language related to Albanian. [13] Some linguists like Kim Schulte and Grigore Brâncuș use the phrase "Thraco-Dacian" for the substratum of Romanian, [13] while others like Herbert J. Izzo and Vékony argue that the Eastern Romance languages developed on an Illyrian substrate. [14]
Caló – a mixed Iberian-Romani language spoken by the Romani people in Portugal. A Para-Romani language based on Romance grammar, with an adstratum of Romani lexical items through language shift by the Romani community. It is often used as an argot or secret language. Leonese – A language or variety of the Astur-Leonese group.
A color-coded map of most languages used throughout Europe. There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family. [1] [2] Out of a total European population of 744 million as of 2018, some 94% are native speakers of an Indo-European language.
Map showing the main pre-Roman tribes in Portugal and their main migrations. Turduli movement in red, Celtici in brown and Lusitanian in a blue colour. Most tribes neighbouring the Lusitanians were dependent on them. Names are in Latin. Tribes, often known by their Latin names, living in the area of modern Portugal, prior to Roman rule: Indo ...
French (official recognition) French Sign Language (official recognition) Catalan (official recognition) Occitan (not in the Iberian Peninsula, official recognition) Gibraltar (UK dependency): English (official recognition) British Sign Language [1] Spanish; Llanito; Portugal: Portuguese (official recognition) Portuguese Sign Language (official ...
During this period, Lusitania grew in prosperity and many of modern-day Portugal's cities and towns were founded. The complete Romanization of Portugal, intensified during the rule of Augustus , took three centuries and was stronger in Southern Portugal, most of which were administrative dependencies of the Roman city of Pax Julia, currently ...