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Carboniferous is the period during which both terrestrial animal and land plant life was well established. [10] Stegocephalia (four-limbed vertebrates including true tetrapods ), whose forerunners ( tetrapodomorphs ) had evolved from lobe-finned fish during the preceding Devonian period, became pentadactylous during the Carboniferous. [ 11 ]
Coal forest. Etching depicting some of the most significant plants of the Carboniferous. Coal forests were the vast swathes of swamps and riparian forests that covered much of the land on Earth's tropical regions during the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) and Permian periods. [1][2] As plant matter from these forests decayed, enormous ...
Lepidodendron is an extinct genus of primitive lycopodian vascular plants belonging the order Lepidodendrales. It is well preserved and common in the fossil record. Like other Lepidodendrales, species of Lepidodendron grew as large-tree-like plants in wetland coal forest environments. They sometimes reached heights of 50 metres (160 feet), [1 ...
Calamites. Calamites is a genus of extinct arborescent (tree-like) horsetails to which the modern horsetails (genus Equisetum) are closely related. [1] Unlike their herbaceous modern cousins, these plants were medium-sized trees, growing to heights of 30–50 meters (100–160 feet). [2]
[2] [3] Lycophytes were some of the dominating plant species of the Carboniferous period, and included the tree-like Lepidodendrales, some of which grew over 40 metres (130 ft) in height, although extant lycophytes are relatively small plants. [4] The scientific names and the informal English names used for this group of plants are ambiguous.
Sigillaria. Bark fragment from Sigillaria mamillaris sp. Estonian Museum of Natural History, Tallinn, Estonia. Sigillaria is a genus of extinct, spore-bearing, arborescent lycophyte, known from the Carboniferous and Permian periods. It is related to the more famous Lepidodendron, and more distantly to modern quillworts.
The evolution of photosynthesis refers to the origin and subsequent evolution of photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is used to assemble sugars from carbon dioxide and a hydrogen and electron source such as water. It is believed that the pigments used for photosynthesis initially were used for protection from the harmful effects ...
Alethopteris is a prehistoric plant genus of fossil pteridospermatophytes (seed ferns) that developed in the Carboniferous period (around 360 to 300 million years ago). [1] Alethopteris, at the State Museum of Pennsylvania in Harrisburg. Alethopteris sp.