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Unlike neonates, hyperbilirubinemia itself requires no treatment in adults. Instead, treatment varies by underlying diseases. As mentioned, cholelithiasis is the most common cause of hyperbilirubinemia. Gallstones can be removed using acid or shock waves in litholytic therapy and lithotripsy, respectively.
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. [3] [6] Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism, liver dysfunction, or biliary-tract obstruction. [7]
Rotor syndrome is a benign disease requiring no treatment. [2] Jaundice is a lifelong finding, but the disease is not associated with morbidity or mortality, and life expectancy is not affected. [2] Most individuals with Rotor syndrome are born to consanguineous couples and its diagnosis may coincidently identify consanguinity. [2]
Dubin–Johnson syndrome is a benign condition and no treatment is required. However, it is important to recognize the condition so as not to confuse it with other hepatobiliary disorders associated with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia that require treatment or have a different prognosis. [8]
Mild jaundice may appear under conditions of exertion, stress, fasting, and infections, but the condition is otherwise usually asymptomatic. [7] [8] Severe cases are seen by yellowing of the skin tone and yellowing of the conjunctiva in the eye. [9] Gilbert syndrome has been reported to contribute to an accelerated onset of neonatal jaundice.
With many Americans focused on their glucose intake, food labels often advertise that a product is “sugar free” or has “no sugar added.” But there’s one sweet ingredient that many ...
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Urobilinogen is a yellow by-product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by the bacterial enzyme bilirubin reductase. [1] About half of the urobilinogen formed is reabsorbed and taken up via the portal vein to the liver, enters circulation and is excreted by the kidney.