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A horizontal temperature gradient may occur, and hence air density variations, where air velocity changes. An example: the speed of the jet stream is not constant along its length; additionally air temperature and hence density will vary between the air within the jet stream and the air outside. Cirrus clouds often associated with clear-air ...
The most common type, called clear air turbulence (CAT), ... What are the most turbulent flight routes around the world? Data from turbulence prediction website Turbli, which has analysed around ...
The Singapore Airlines flight of May 21 was not hit by clear air turbulence, but rapidly developing thunderstorms. According to the NTSB, between 2009 and 2018, the flight crew had no warning in ...
Turbli, a website that provides turbulence forecasts for flights, has released a list of routes in 2024 that it believes were the most turbulent across North America. Aviation experts examined ...
In meteorology the Ellrod index is a technique for forecasting clear-air turbulence (CAT). It is calculated based on the product of horizontal deformation and vertical wind shear derived from numerical model forecast winds aloft. The deformation predictors are calculated using following information. Shearing deformation:
The U.S. FAA lists factors of aircraft upset in the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid [1] [2] as follows: . Turbulence causes: . Clear air turbulence; Mountain wave turbulence ...
His research projects that clear-air turbulence will more than double by around mid-century in the mid-Northern Hemisphere – affecting popular routes like New York-London and San Francisco-Tokyo.
The sky depicted in Vincent van Gogh's 1889 painting, The Starry Night has been studied for its turbulent flow. [1]In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity.