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Knowing how to calculate net present value can be useful when choosing investments. In a nutshell, an investment's NPV can help you to analyze its potential for profit. In business settings, it ...
Taxation in Pakistan is a complex system of more than 70 unique taxes administered by at least 37 agencies of the Government of Pakistan. [1] According to the FBR, in 2021, the number of registered tax filers had grown to 7.1 million out of which only 2.5 million were active tax filers. [ 2 ]
The risk-adjusted rate of return applies a risk-penalty by increasing the discount rate when calculating the Net Present Value (NPV); The certainty equivalent approach does this by adjusting the cash-flow numerators of the NPV formula.
The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) is a financial measure of an investment's attractiveness. [31] [32] It is used in capital budgeting to rank alternative investments of unequal size. As the name implies, MIRR is a modification of the internal rate of return (IRR) and as such aims to resolve some problems with the IRR.
The Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) (Urdu: وفاقی بورڈ محصولات), formerly known as Central Board of Revenue (CBR), is a federal law enforcement agency of Pakistan that investigates tax crimes, suspicious accumulation of wealth, money-laundering make regulation of collection of tax.
Internal rate of return (IRR) is a method of calculating an investment's rate of return. The term internal refers to the fact that the calculation excludes external factors, such as the risk-free rate , inflation , the cost of capital , or financial risk .
The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) is a financial measure of an investment's attractiveness. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is used in capital budgeting to rank alternative investments of unequal size. As the name implies, MIRR is a modification of the internal rate of return (IRR) and as such aims to resolve some problems with the IRR.
The Ministry of Finance is a cabinet-level ministry of the government of Pakistan that is in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. A Finance Minister, an executive or cabinet position heads it. The Minister is responsible each year for presenting the federal government's budget to the Parliament of Pakistan.