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All biodegradable polymers should be stable and durable enough for use in their particular application, but upon disposal they should easily break down. [citation needed] Polymers, specifically biodegradable polymers, have extremely strong carbon backbones that are difficult to break, such that degradation often starts from the end-groups.
This material can be used for biodegradable, homogeneous, dense films that are very useful in the biomedical field. [7] Alginate: Alginate is the most copious marine natural polymer derived from brown seaweed. Alginate biopolymer applications range from packaging, textile and food industry to biomedical and chemical engineering.
[2] [3] In the field of controlled drug delivery, biodegradable polymers offer tremendous potential either as a drug delivery system alone or in conjunction to functioning as a medical device. [4] In the development of applications of biodegradable polymers, the chemistry of some polymers including synthesis and degradation is reviewed below.
It is nontoxic and biodegradable, so it does not have to be removed after recovery. [8] TephaFLEX is a bacterially derived poly-4-hydroxybutyrate, manufactured using a recombinant fermentation process by Tepha Medical Devices, intended for a variety of medical applications that require biodegradable materials such as absorbable sutures. [9]
The biodegradable polymers used in biomedical applications typically consist of hydrolyzable esters and hydrazones. These molecules, upon external stimulation, go on to be cleaved and broken down. The cleaving activation process can be achieved through use of an acidic environment, increasing the temperature, or by use of enzymes. [82]
The application of biodegradable synthetic polymers began in the later 1960s. [38] Biodegradable materials have an advantage over other materials, as they have lower risk of harmful effects long term. In addition to ethical advancements using biodegradable materials, they also improve biocompatibility for materials used for implantation. [38]
Biodegradable polymers are classified into three groups: medical, ecological, and dual application, while in terms of origin they are divided into two groups: natural and synthetic. [18] The Clean Technology Group is exploiting the use of supercritical carbon dioxide , which under high pressure at room temperature is a solvent that can use ...
The biodegradation of PLGA makes it useful for plenty of medical practices. PLGA undergoes bulk degradation, which is when a catalyst such as water inserts itself throughout the matrix of the polymer. [12] A 75:25 lactide to glycolide PLGA ratio can be made as microspheres that degrade via bulk erosion. [12]