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The Temple of Bel (Arabic: معبد بعل), sometimes also referred to as the "Temple of Baal", was an ancient temple located in Palmyra, Syria.The temple, consecrated to the Mesopotamian god Bel, worshipped at Palmyra in triad with the lunar god Aglibol and the sun god Yarhibol, formed the center of religious life in Palmyra and was dedicated in AD 32.
A god named Bel was the chief-god of Palmyra, Syria in pre-Hellenistic times, being worshipped alongside the gods Aglibol and Yarhibol. [3] Originally, he was known as Bol, [4] after the Northwestern Semitic word Ba'al [5] (usually used to refer to the god Hadad), until the cult of Bel-Marduk spread to Palmyra and by 213 BC, Bol was renamed to Bel. [4]
He claimed that he built the temple from the foundation to the battlements, a claim corroborated by dedicatory inscriptions found on the stones of the temple's walls on the site. [ 2 ] The Esagila complex, completed in its final form by Nebuchadnezzar II (604–562 BC) encasing earlier cores, was the center of Babylon.
Etemenanki (Sumerian: "temple of the foundation of heaven and earth") was the name of a ziggurat dedicated to Marduk in the city of Babylon. It was famously rebuilt by the 6th-century-BCE Neo-Babylonian dynasty rulers Nabopolassar and Nebuchadnezzar II , but had fallen into disrepair by the time of Alexander the Great's conquests.
A 1493 woodcut in the Nuremberg Chronicle, depicting the fall of Babylon "The Walls of Babylon and the Temple of Bel (Or Babel)", by 19th-century illustrator William Simpson – influenced by early archaeological investigations
The Statue of Marduk was the physical representation of Marduk housed in Babylon's main temple, the Esagila. [3] Although there were actually seven separate statues of Marduk in Babylon: four in the Esagila and the surrounding temple complex; one in the Etemenanki (the ziggurat dedicated to Marduk); and two in temples dedicated to other deities ...
A year later, in 521 BCE, Babylon again revolted and declared independence under the Armenian King Arakha, who took the name Nebuchadnezzar IV; on this occasion, after its capture by the Persians, the walls were partly destroyed. [17] Esagila, the great temple of Bel, however, still continued to be maintained and was a center of Babylonian ...
Marduk (Cuneiform: 𒀭𒀫𒌓 ᵈAMAR.UTU; Sumerian: amar utu.k "calf of the sun; solar calf"; Hebrew: מְרֹדַךְ, Modern: Merōdaḵ, Tiberian: Mərōḏaḵ) is a god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of Babylon who eventually rose to power in the 1st millennium BC.