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In Newtonian mechanics, for one-dimensional simple harmonic motion, the equation of motion, which is a second-order linear ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients, can be obtained by means of Newton's second law and Hooke's law for a mass on a spring.
A simple pendulum exhibits approximately simple harmonic motion under the conditions of no damping and small amplitude. Assuming no damping, the differential equation governing a simple pendulum of length l {\displaystyle l} , where g {\displaystyle g} is the local acceleration of gravity , is d 2 θ d t 2 + g l sin θ = 0. {\displaystyle ...
Diagram showing the periodic orbit of a mass-spring system in simple harmonic motion. (Here the velocity and position axes have been reversed from the standard convention in order to align the two diagrams) Given a dynamical system (T, M, Φ) with T a group, M a set and Φ the evolution function
This is called Abel's integral equation and allows us to compute the total time required for a particle to fall along a given curve (for which / would be easy to calculate). But Abel's mechanical problem requires the converse – given T ( y 0 ) {\displaystyle T(y_{0})\,} , we wish to find f ( y ) = d ℓ / d y {\displaystyle f(y)={d\ell }/{dy ...
The motion is simple harmonic motion where θ 0 is the amplitude of the oscillation (that is, the maximum angle between the rod of the pendulum and the vertical). The corresponding approximate period of the motion is then
The solution to this equation of motion for the balance is simple harmonic motion; i.e., a sinusoidal motion of constant period: = + () Thus, the following equation for the periodicity of oscillation can be extracted from the above results: T = 2 π I κ {\displaystyle T=2\pi {\sqrt {\frac {I}{\kappa }}}\,} This period controls the rate ...
The angle domain equations above show that the motion of the piston (connected to rod and crank) is not simple harmonic motion, but is modified by the motion of the rod as it swings with the rotation of the crank. This is in contrast to the Scotch Yoke which directly produces simple harmonic motion.
Illustration of how a phase portrait would be constructed for the motion of a simple pendulum Time-series flow in phase space specified by the differential equation of a pendulum. The X axis corresponds to the pendulum's position, and the Y axis its speed.