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Phalloplasty (also called penoplasty) [1] is the construction or reconstruction of a penis or the artificial modification of the penis by surgery. The term is also occasionally used to refer to penis enlargement .
Often used to refer to phalloplasty, metoidoplasty, or vaginectomy, sex reassignment surgery can also more broadly refer to many procedures an individual may have, such as male chest reconstruction, hysterectomy, or oophorectomy. Gender-affirming surgery is usually preceded by beginning hormone treatment with testosterone.
Phalloplasty is the other type of surgery to create a penis, but utilizes skin from other areas of the body besides existing genitals. The most common part of the body used in this surgery is the forearm and has the same outcomes as a metoidioplasty. [ 8 ]
Procedures by unlicensed surgeons can lead to serious complications. [4] Surgical penis enlargement methods include penile augmentation and suspensory ligament release. Penile augmentation involves injecting fat cells into the penis or grafting fat cells onto the penis.
Phalloplasty, which is the creation of a penis as part of gender-affirming care, is the only surgical procedure that requires cutting into the nerves of the clitoris.
Although different models of penile prostheses have been reported to be implanted after phalloplasty procedures, [24] with the first case described in 1978 by Pucket and Montie, [25] the first penile implants designed and produced specifically for female-to-male gender reassignment surgery for trans men were introduced in 2015 by Zephyr ...
The clinical results of this pioneering procedure in reconstructive transplantation in the United States was published in Annals of Surgery, May 2017. [11] In October 2020 doctors from Massachusetts General Hospital debated penis transplants in transgender patients. [12]
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