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Limits involving algebraic operations can often be evaluated by replacing subexpressions with their limits; if the resulting expression does not determine the original limit, the expression is known as an indeterminate form. [6] The expression 0 0 is an indeterminate form: Given real-valued functions f(t) and g(t) approaching 0 (as t approaches ...
The expression 0 / 0 , which may be obtained in an attempt to determine the limit of an expression of the form f(x) / g(x) as a result of applying the lim operator independently to both operands of the fraction, is a so-called "indeterminate form".
A formal power series in an indeterminate is an expression of the form + + + …, where no value is assigned to the symbol . [7] This is similar to the definition of a polynomial, except that an infinite number of the coefficients may be nonzero.
Cancelling 0 from both sides yields =, a false statement. The fallacy here arises from the assumption that it is legitimate to cancel 0 like any other number, whereas, in fact, doing so is a form of division by 0. Using algebra, it is possible to disguise a division by zero [17] to obtain an invalid proof. For example: [18]
L'Hôpital's rule - a method in calculus for evaluating indeterminate forms; Indeterminate form - a mathematical expression for which many assignments exist; NaN - the IEEE-754 expression indicating that the result of a calculation is not a number; Primitive notion - a concept that is not defined in terms of previously-defined concepts
The expressions 0 0, ∞ 0 and 1 ∞ are considered indeterminate forms when they occur as limits (just like ∞ × 0), and the question of whether zero to the zero power should be defined as 1 has divided opinion. If the output is considered as undefined when a parameter is undefined, then pow(1, qNaN) should produce a qNaN.
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Here is a basic example involving the exponential function, which involves the indeterminate form 0 / 0 at x = 0: + = (+) = + = This is a more elaborate example involving 0 / 0 . Applying L'Hôpital's rule a single time still results in an indeterminate form.