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The 4th century was the time period from 301 CE (represented by the Roman numerals CCCI) to 400 CE (CD) in accordance with the Julian calendar. In the West, the early part of the century was shaped by Constantine the Great , who became the first Roman emperor to adopt Christianity .
Physics is the scientific study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. [1] Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines. [2] [3] [4] A scientist who specializes in the field of physics is called a physicist.
4th millennium BC · 4000–3001 BC 40th century BC: 39th century BC: 38th century BC: 37th century BC: 36th century BC: 35th century BC: 34th century BC: 33rd century BC: 32nd century BC: 31st century BC: 3rd millennium BC · 3000–2001 BC 30th century BC: 29th century BC: 28th century BC: 27th century BC: 26th century BC: 25th century BC ...
4th century BC - Aristotle invents the system of Aristotelian physics, which is later largely disproved; 4th century BC - Babylonian astronomers calculate Jupiter's position using the Trapezoidal rule [1] 260 BC - Archimedes works out the principle of the lever and connects buoyancy to weight
4th century BC Mo Di first mentions the camera obscura, a pin-hole camera. 3rd century BC Euclid is the first to write about reflection and refraction and notes that light travels in straight lines [4] 3rd century BC – The Baghdad Battery is dated from this period.
In the 19th century, the basic laws of electromagnetism and statistical mechanics were discovered. Physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory at the beginning of the 20th century. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics.
The word energy derives from Greek word "energeia" (Greek: ἐνέργεια) meaning actuality, which appears for the first time in the 4th century BCE in various works of Aristotle [1] when discussing potentiality and actuality including Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics [2] and On the Soul.
4th century BC: Greek philosophers study the properties of logical negation. 4th century BC: The first true formal system is constructed by Pāṇini in his Sanskrit grammar. [34] [35] 4th century BC: Eudoxus of Cnidus states the Archimedean property. [36] 4th century BC: Thaetetus shows that square roots are either integer or irrational.