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Transrectal ultrasonography, or TRUS in short, is a method of creating an image of organs in the pelvis, most commonly used to perform an ultrasound-guided needle biopsy evaluation of the prostate gland in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen or prostatic nodules on digital rectal exam.
Prostate biopsy is a procedure in which small hollow needle-core samples are removed from a man's prostate gland to be examined for the presence of prostate cancer. It is typically performed when the result from a PSA blood test is high. [1] It may also be considered advisable after a digital rectal exam (DRE) finds possible abnormality.
Transrectal biopsy is a biopsy procedure in which a sample of tissue is removed from the prostate using a thin needle that is inserted through the rectum and into the prostate. [1] Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is usually used to guide the needle. [2] [3] The sample is examined under a microscope to see if it contains cancer.
A further transurethal method utilizes a robotically-controlled waterjet to remove prostate tissue. Visualization is provided by a combination of cystoscope and transrectal ultrasound methods. This procedure claims risk reduction advantages as a result of being heat free.
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.
In a study of young adults in Greece (aged 21–50, mean age 40.9 years), the prevalence was found to be 7.35%. [4] While among urologic patients in South Korea (aged 29–89, mean age 61.9 years), the prevalence was 40.7%. [5] The prevalence is notably higher in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, ranging from 68.8% to 70%. [3]
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[1] [5] [6] However, other studies have reported that the procedure has a high failure rate, with the majority of patients requiring retreatment. [7] Some patients have reported long-term inflammation of their prostate after undergoing the TUNA process. This is known as chronic prostatitis.