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Wingtip vortices can pose a hazard to aircraft, especially during the landing and takeoff phases of flight. The intensity or strength of the vortex is a function of aircraft size, speed, and configuration (flap setting, etc.). The strongest vortices are produced by heavy aircraft, flying slowly, with wing flaps and landing gear retracted ...
The Ha 137 prototype aircraft, fitted with vertical wing extensions, c.1935–1937. The initial concept dates back to 1897, when English engineer Frederick W. Lanchester patented wing end-plates as a method for controlling wingtip vortices. [3]
Wingtip vortices form a major component of wake turbulence and are associated with induced drag, which is a significant contributor to total drag in most regimes. A closed wing avoids the need for wingtips and thus might be expected to reduce wingtip drag effects.
The winglet and red navigation light on the wing tip of a South African Airways Boeing 747-400 Many aircraft types, such as the Lockheed Super Constellation shown here, have fuel tanks mounted on the wing tips, commonly called tip tanks The wing tip of a Quad City Challenger II, formed with an aluminum bow The wing tip of a Grumman American AA-1, showing its Hoerner style design A Piper PA-28 ...
The mysterious UK firm AOG Technics is accused of falsifying paperwork for plane parts that ended up being sold to United, Southwest, Virgin, and American Airlines, at least.
Wings which generate vortex lift have been used on delta-winged research aircraft such as the Convair XF-92A and Fairey Delta 2. Early delta wing fighters such as the F-102 , the F-106 , and contemporaries such as Dassault's deltas had cambered leading edges that were blunt and did not generate significant vortexes.
These vortices are known as wingtip vortices and are formed by fluid flowing around the wingtips from the high-pressure region that is the bottom of the wing to the low-pressure region that is the top of the wing. The flow becomes separated from the airfoil and rotates about a low pressure wake that forms the core of the vortex.
Aircraft may have additional minor aerodynamic surfaces. Some of these are treated as part of the overall wing configuration: Winglet: a small fin at the wingtip, usually turned upwards. Reduces the size of vortices shed by the wingtip, and hence also tip drag. Strake: a small surface, typically longer than it is wide and mounted on the ...
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