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The subsolar point at Honolulu during Lahaina Noon with the range of possible subsolar points shaded in pink – the angle between the Sun and the local horizontal level is exactly 90° at the subsolar point. The subsolar point on a planet or a moon is the point at which its Sun is perceived to be directly overhead (at the zenith); [1] that is ...
A 2021 publication presents a method that uses a solar azimuth formula based on the subsolar point and the atan2 function, as defined in Fortran 90, that gives an unambiguous solution without the need for circumstantial treatment. [7] The subsolar point is the point on the surface of the Earth where the Sun is overhead.
In the Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed geocentric Cartesian coordinate system, let (,) and (,) be the latitudes and longitudes, or coordinates, of the subsolar point and the observer's point, then the upward-pointing unit vectors at the two points, and , are
World map showing the Tropic of Capricorn Relationship of Earth's axial tilt (ε) to the tropical and polar circles. The Tropic of Capricorn (or the Southern Tropic) is the circle of latitude that contains the subsolar point at the December (or southern) solstice. It is thus the southernmost latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead.
Lāhainā Noon, also known as a zero shadow day, is a semi-annual tropical solar phenomenon when the Sun culminates at the zenith at solar noon, passing directly overhead (above the subsolar point). [1] As a result, the sun's rays will fall exactly vertical relative to an object on the ground and cast no observable shadow. [2]
Illumination of Earth by the Sun on the day of an equinox. The March equinox [7] [8] or northward equinox [9] is the equinox on the Earth when the subsolar point appears to leave the Southern Hemisphere and cross the celestial equator, heading northward as seen from Earth.
The declination of the Sun, δ ☉, is the angle between the rays of the Sun and the plane of the Earth's equator. The Earth's axial tilt (called the obliquity of the ecliptic by astronomers) is the angle between the Earth's axis and a line perpendicular to the Earth's orbit. The Earth's axial tilt changes slowly over thousands of years but its ...
The azimuths (true compass bearings) of the points on the horizon where the Sun rises and sets can be easily estimated, using the same diagram as is used to find the times of sunrise and sunset, as described above. The point where the horizon intersects the celestial equator represents due east or west. The point where the Sun is at sunrise or ...