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Physiognomy of the melancholic temperament (drawing by Thomas Holloway, c.1789, made for Johann Kaspar Lavater's Essays on Physiognomy). Melancholia or melancholy (from Greek: µέλαινα χολή melaina chole, [1] meaning black bile) [2] is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood ...
Melancholy may refer to: Melancholia , one of the four temperaments in pre-modern medicine and proto-psychology, representing a state of low mood Depression (mood) , a state of low mood, also known as melancholy
18th-century depiction of the four temperaments: [1] phlegmatic and choleric above, sanguine and melancholic below The four temperament theory is a proto-psychological theory which suggests that there are four fundamental personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic.
Black bile was associated with a melancholy nature, the word melancholy itself deriving from the Greek for 'black bile', μέλαινα χολή (melaina kholé). Depression was attributed to excess or unnatural black bile secreted by the spleen. [31] Cancer was also attributed to an excess of black bile concentrated in a specific area. [32]
Lovesickness refers to an affliction that can produce negative feelings when deeply in love, during the absence of a loved one or when love is unrequited.. The term "lovesickness" is rarely used in modern medicine and psychology, though new research is emerging on the impact of heartbreak on the body and mind.
Nostalgia is a sentimentality for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations. [2] The word nostalgia is a learned formation of a Greek compound, consisting of νόστος (nóstos), meaning "homecoming", a Homeric word, and ἄλγος (álgos), meaning "pain", and was coined by a 17th-century medical student to describe the anxieties displayed by Swiss ...
William Blake's Melancholy, an illustration to Milton's "Il Penseroso", c. 1816–1820. Personification is implemented with words such as 'Joy', 'Beauty', 'Delight', and 'Pleasure' allowing the poet to create characters out of ideals and emotions as he describes his thoughts and reactions to feelings of melancholy. The difference between the ...
The similar melancholic music style is known in Bosnia-Herzegovina as sevdalinkah (from Turkish sevda: infatuation, ultimately from Arabic سَوْدَاء sawdā' : 'black [bile]', translation of the Greek μέλαινα χολή, mélaina cholē from which the term melancholy is derived).