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An issue of bonus shares is referred to as a bonus share issue. A bonus issue is usually based upon the number of shares that shareholders already own. [2] (For example, the bonus issue may be "n shares for each x shares held"; but with fractions of a share not permitted.) While the issue of bonus shares increases the total number of shares ...
The issue of bonus shares, even if funded out of retained earnings, will in most jurisdictions not be treated as a dividend distribution and not taxed in the hands of the shareholder. Retaining earnings by a company increases the company's shareholder equity, which increases the value of each shareholder's shareholding.
A scrip issue is usually done when a company does not have sufficient liquidity to pay a cash dividend. A company declaring a scrip dividend gives the shareholders the option to either receive the dividend in cash or to receive additional shares. [2] This is different than a bonus issue as shareholders do not have a choice with a bonus issue event.
Some other scenarios for triggering a capital surplus include when the Government donates a piece of land to the company. The capital surplus/share premium account (SPA) is generally not distributable, but may be used to: write off the expenses/commission relating to the issue of those shares, or; make a bonus share issue of fully paid-up shares.
The par value of stock remains unchanged in a bonus stock issue but it changes in a stock split. In accounting, the par value allows the company to put a de minimis value for the stock on the company's financial statement. Par value is also used to calculate legal capital or share capital.
The primary reasons companies use corporate actions are: Return profits to shareholders: Cash dividends are a classic example where a public company declares a dividend to be paid on each outstanding share. Bonus is another case where the shareholder is rewarded.
Many companies use employee stock options plans to retain, reward, and attract employees, [3] the objective being to give employees an incentive to behave in ways that will boost the company's stock price. The employee could exercise the option, pay the exercise price and would be issued with ordinary shares in the company.
In the financial history of the world, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was the first recorded (public) company ever to pay regular dividends. [4] [5] The VOC paid annual dividends worth around 18 percent of the value of the shares for almost 200 years of existence (1602–1800).