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Early recognition of this injury is crucial for survival. Infants who have experienced a difficult operative delivery or are suspected to have a SGH require ongoing monitoring including frequent vital signs (minimally every hour), and serial measurements of hematocrits and their occipital frontal circumference, which increases 1 cm with each 40 mL of blood deposited into the subgaleal space.
A cephalohematoma (American English), also spelled cephalohaematoma (British English), is a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum at any age, including a newborn baby secondary to rupture of blood vessels crossing the periosteum.
Birth-related retinal hemorrhages are seen in 25% of newborns with normal delivery and 40–50% of newborns with instrumental deliveries. [ 12 ] Submacular hemorrhage typically occurs in elderly patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration, macroaneurysms, or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy , and in all populations in cases of trauma.
Some other common factors that can cause cephalohematoma are when using forceps or vacuum-assisted delivery methods, vaginal delivery of large infants, primigravida (the first pregnancy conceived by a pregnant person), when the infant is in a non-ideal position during delivery, and having a prolonged second stage of labor.
Subconjunctival bleeding occurs in about 2% of newborns following a vaginal delivery. The blood accumulates between the conjunctiva and the episclera. Diagnosis is generally based on the appearance of the conjunctiva. [2] The condition is relatively common, [4] and both sexes are affected equally. Spontaneous bleeding occurs more commonly over ...
Antepartum bleeding (APH), also prepartum hemorrhage, is bleeding during pregnancy from the 24th week [7] (sometimes defined as from the 20th week [8] [7]) gestational age up to the birth of the baby. [5] The primary consideration is the presence of a placenta previa which is a low lying placenta at or very near to the internal cervical os.
"Carrying a baby with a terminal diagnosis is an emotional roller coaster to say the least," she says. "I call it emotional chaos. It's a mixture of love, gratitude, compassion, joy, grief, fear ...
Caput succedaneum is a benign neonatal condition involving a serosanguinous (containing blood and serum), subcutaneous, extra-periosteal fluid collection with poorly defined margins caused by the pressure on the presenting part of the fetal scalp by the vaginal walls and uterus as the infant passes through a narrowed cervix during delivery.