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Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is the recessive form of polycystic kidney disease. It is associated with a group of congenital fibrocystic syndromes. [ 5 ] Mutations in the PKHD1 (chromosomal locus 6p12.2) cause ARPKD.
PKD is caused by abnormal genes which produce a specific abnormal protein which has an adverse effect on tubule development. PKD is a general term for two types, each having their own pathology and genetic cause: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). [10] [11]
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common, life-threatening inherited human disorders and the most common hereditary kidney disease. [1] [2] It is associated with large interfamilial and intrafamilial variability, which can be explained to a large extent by its genetic heterogeneity and modifier genes. [1]
Cystic kidney disease includes various conditions related to the formation of cysts in one or both kidneys. The most common subset is polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic anomaly with two subsets, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
ADPKD is an autosomal dominant disease, classified into three types, with the chromosomal location of the responsible gene in parenthesis: PKD1 (16 Chr), PKD2 (4 Chr) PKD3 (11 Chr, this gene). Mutations in the three different genes PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3 cause a very similar disorder of the autosomal dominant form of polycystic kidney disease ...
Type III is due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) linked to mutations in the genes PKD1 and PKD2. While ADPKD is considered to be an adult-onset polycystic kidney disease, it can also present in the fetus and neonate in rare cases. Like ARPKD, ADPKD can also present with hepatic cysts and an enlarged spleen.
Compound heterozygosity reflects the diversity of the mutation base for many autosomal recessive genetic disorders; mutations in most disease-causing genes have arisen many times. This means that many cases of disease arise in individuals who have two unrelated alleles, who technically are heterozygotes , but both the alleles are defective.
APS-1 may be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. [8] Different mutations are more common in different geographic regions. R139X is a common mutation in Sardinia. [4] R257* is a common mutation in Finland. [5] Both of these mutations are nonsense mutations: the asterisk and the "X" both indicate a stop codon. [7]