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The name of Libya was changed several times during Gaddafi's tenure as leader. From 1969 to 1977, the name was the Libyan Arab Republic. In 1977, the name was changed to Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. [2] Jamahiriya was a term coined by Gaddafi, [2] usually translated as "state of the masses".
On 2 March 1977, Libya officially became Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. [67] Libya adopted its plain green national flag on 19 November 1977. [57] The country had the only plain-coloured flag in the world until 2011, when Libya adopted its current flag.
The Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الأخ القائد ومرشد الثورة الجماهرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى) was a title held by former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, who claimed to be merely a symbolic figurehead of the country's official ...
The Third International Theory (Arabic: النظرية العالمية الثالثة), also known as the Third Universal Theory and Gaddafism, was the style of government proposed by Muammar Gaddafi on 15 April 1973 in his Zuwara speech, [11] on which his government, the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, was officially based.
Gaddafi's vision for Libya culminated in the establishment of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 1977, a "state of the masses" that was meant to reflect his theoretical proposals in The Green Book. [8] This new state structure aimed to replace traditional institutions with direct forms of democracy as articulated through people's congresses and ...
On 2 March 1977, Gaddafi convened a General People's Congress (GPC) to proclaim the establishment of "people's power," change the country's name to the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, and to vest, theoretically, primary authority in the GPC.
It was ideologically Arab nationalist, republican, anti-imperialist and pan-Arabist. In 1977, the Libyan Arab Republic was abolished and Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was established. As a part of this, the RCC was officially abolished and replaced by the general secretariat of the General People's Congress.
In 1977, Libya officially became the "Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya". Gaddafi officially passed power to the General People's Committees and henceforth claimed to be no more than a symbolic figurehead, [ 42 ] but domestic and international critics claimed the reforms gave him virtually unlimited power.