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A 2013 review concluded that, in the US, confidentiality requirements dictated by legal investigations have impeded peer-reviewed research into environmental impacts. [84] When looking at the regulations of fracking from the perspective of land rights, historic and continuing injustices against Native Americans are one angle to consider.
Environmental impact of fracking in the United States has been an issue of public concern, and includes the contamination of ground and surface water, methane emissions, [1] air pollution, migration of gases and fracking chemicals and radionuclides to the surface, the potential mishandling of solid waste, drill cuttings, increased seismicity and associated effects on human and ecosystem health.
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Environmental and health effects. In 2017, the Environmental Protection Agency found scientific evidence that fracking can potentially impact drinking water resources under some circumstances.
Environmental Protection Agency illustration of the water cycle of hydraulic fracturing. Fracking in the United States began in 1949. [1] According to the Department of Energy (DOE), by 2013 at least two million oil and gas wells in the US had been hydraulically fractured, and that of new wells being drilled, up to 95% are hydraulically fractured.
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Adverse environmental and health impacts have been reported by communities who live near areas with significant fracking activity. [28] Studies have shown that fracking may be a cause of groundwater contamination. [4] One issue that has been raised is the disposal of wastewater created by the fracking process.
"Water quality is a primary concern because the hydraulic fracturing fluids used to fracture rock formations have chemicals that could harm human health and the environment, especially if they ...