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Cocaine is the primary illegal drug smuggled through maritime routes because all of its cultivation and production is settled in the Andean region of South America. [1] [2] The smuggling of drugs through the sea is a security problem for all the countries of the region.
The coca cultivation is concentrated in the Andes of South America, particularly in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia; this is the world's only source region for coca. [1] Drug consumption in Latin America remains relatively low, but cocaine in particular has increased in recent years in countries along the major smuggling routes. [1]
In 1996, the Medellín and Cali cartels were estimated to control 75–80% of the Andean region's cocaine traffic, and a similar percentage of the U.S. cocaine market, earning $6–8 billion a year. [1] [7] U.S. law enforcement officials in the 1990s estimated that Colombian drug cartels spent more than $500 million on bribing officials every ...
Colombia's illicit drug trade is the largest in the world, approximately half of the global supply of cocaine is produced in Colombia.In 2016, 18 million people used the drug worldwide, consuming hundreds of thousands of tonnes of the cocaine produced annually in the Andean region. [1]
Coca eradication in Colombia. Coca eradication is a strategy promoted by the United States government starting in 1961 as part of its "war on drugs" to eliminate the cultivation of coca, a plant whose leaves are not only traditionally used by indigenous cultures but also, in modern society, in the manufacture of cocaine.
Six decades of fighting in the Andean country has killed at least 450,000 people. ... Colombia's military has confiscated 560 tonnes of cocaine, a major source of income for armed groups, Cubides ...
Coca production begins in the valleys and upper jungle regions of the Andean region, where the countries of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia [21] [22] are host to more than 98 percent of the global land area planted with coca. [23] In the early 19th century, coca was cultivated in what is today the Dominican Republic (see Mayorasgo de Koka).
The Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act has fostered rapid growth in trade between the United States and the four Andean nations; U.S. exports to the region rose from $6.46 billion in 2002 to $11.64 billion in 2006, while imports grew from $9.61 billion to $22.51 billion in the same period. [12]