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Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu (Spanish pronunciation: [aɣusˈtin de ituɾˈbiðe] ⓘ; 27 September 1783 – 19 July 1824), commonly known as Agustín de Iturbide and later by his regnal name Agustín I, was the first Emperor of Mexico from 1822 until his abdication in 1823.
The House of Iturbide (Spanish: Casa de Iturbide) is a former Imperial House of Mexico. It was founded by the Sovereign Mexican Constituent Congress on 22 June 1822 when the newly independent Mexican congress confirmed Agustín I 's title of Constitutional Emperor of Mexico .
The Army of the Three Guarantees was formed by the unified forces of Iturbide and Guerrero to defend the ideals of the Plan of Iguala. On 24 August 1821, Iturbide and Spanish viceroy Juan O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba in Córdoba, Veracruz, ratifying the Plan of Iguala, and thus confirming Mexico's independence.
At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees (Spanish: Ejército Trigarante or Ejército de las Tres Garantías) was the name given to the army after the unification of the Spanish troops led by Agustín de Iturbide and the Mexican insurgent troops of Vicente Guerrero, consolidating Mexico's independence from Spain.
Within congress there were both monarchists and republicans, but monarchism at this point was divided at this point into two factions: those in favor of crowning Iturbide, and those who had not yet given up hopes on inviting a Spanish prince to the throne. [9] On May 18, 1822, congress elected Agustín de Iturbide as Mexico's first Emperor.
Agustín de Iturbide was eventually convinced by conservative political factions to return to Mexico and Don Agustín was left to his studies back in England with some of his siblings. [14] Agustín de Iturbide returned to his homeland with his wife and two children on 14 July 1824, [15] [16] but was captured and executed shortly after. [17]
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Agustín de Iturbide, after declaring the independence of Mexico, entered Mexico City on September 27, 1821.A few days later, Santa Anna entered Veracruz. On October 25, 1822, Iturbide named Santa Anna Commander of the Province of Veracruz, [1] during which time he was in favor of the Empire.