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The war in Europe against the French Empire under Napoleon ensured that the British did not consider the War of 1812 against the United States as more than a sideshow. [281] Britain's blockade of French trade had worked and the Royal Navy was the world's dominant nautical power (and remained so for another century).
The US government in 1812 was run by President James Madison, who represented the Democratic-Republican Party. [6] President Madison was a key driving force in the declaration of war. [7] As president, he created a declaration of war speech, which he presented to Congress, arguing that war was a necessary measure. [7]
The 1812 State of the Union Address was delivered by the fourth President of the United States, James Madison, on November 4, 1812. Addressing the Twelfth United States Congress, Madison reflected on the early stages of the War of 1812 and provided updates on the military, diplomatic, and economic situation facing the nation.
The Civil War of 1812: American Citizens, British Subjects, Irish Rebels, & Indian Allies (2010) Taylor, George Rogers, ed. The War of 1812: Past Justifications and Present Interpretations (1963) online free; Trautsch, Jasper M. "The Causes of the War of 1812: 200 Years of Debate," Journal of Military History (Jan 2013) 77#1 pp 273–293
The absence of a national bank during the War of 1812 greatly hindered financial operations of the government; therefore a second Bank of the United States was created in 1816. From its inception, the Second Bank was unpopular in the newer states and territories and with less prosperous people everywhere.
The Weight of Vengeance: The United States, the British Empire, and the War of 1812. Oxford University Press. pp. . ISBN 978-0-19-539178-7. Burt, Alfred Leroy (1940). The United States, Great Britain and British North America from the Revolution to the Establishment of Peace after the War of 1812. The Relations of Canada and the United States.
The historiography of the War of 1812 reflects the numerous interpretations of the conflict, especially in reference to the war's outcome. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The historical record has interpreted both the British and Americans as victors in the conflict, with substantial academic and popular literature published to support each claim.
Shortly after the United States declared war, Napoleon launched an invasion of Russia, and the failure of that campaign turned the tide against France and towards Britain and her allies. [60] In the years prior to the war, Jefferson and Madison had reduced the size of the military, closed the Bank of the U.S., and lowered taxes.