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In the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, "necessary in a democratic society" is further defined as meeting a "pressing social need" and "relevant and sufficient" to a legitimate aim. [2] [3] The court has defined "necessary" as somewhere between "reasonable" or "desirable" and "indispensable". [3]
(2) The power of the state serves all citizens and can be only applied in cases, under limitations and through uses specified by a law. (3) Every citizen can do anything that is not forbidden by the law, and no one can be forced to do anything that is not required by a law. The same principles are reiterated in the Czech Bill of Rights, Article 2.
Natural law theories base human rights on a "natural" moral, religious or even biological order which is independent of transitory human laws or traditions. Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotle , posited the existence of natural justice or natural right ( dikaion physikon , δικαιον φυσικον , Latin ius naturale ).
Legal rights, in contrast, are based on a society's customs, laws, statutes or actions by legislatures. An example of a legal right is the right to vote of citizens. Citizenship , itself, is often considered as the basis for having legal rights, and has been defined as the "right to have rights".
The idea of a just society first gained modern attention when philosophers such as John Stuart Mill asked, "What is a 'just society'?" [3] Their writings covered several perspectives including allowing individuals to live their lives as long as they didn't infringe on the rights to others, to the idea that the resources of society should be distributed to all, including those most deserving first.
Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions [1] [2] to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception [3] and often implemented by programs.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 14 February 2025. Connected group of individuals For other uses, see Society (disambiguation). Clockwise from top left: A family in Savannakhet, Laos ; a crowd shopping in Maharashtra, India; a military parade on a Spanish national holiday. A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 1 March 2025. Constitution of the United States The United States Congress enacts federal statutes in accordance with the Constitution. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest authority in interpreting federal law, including the federal Constitution, federal statutes, and federal ...