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The Tamil-speaking minorities of Ceylon (Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Moors) viewed the Act as linguistic, cultural and economic discrimination against them. [76] Many Tamil-speaking civil servants / public servants were forced to resign because they weren't fluent in Sinhala. [ 77 ]
Sri Lankan Tamil dialects are classified into three major subgroups: the Jaffna Tamil, the Batticaloa Tamil, and the Negombo Tamil dialects. These dialects are also used by ethnic groups other than Tamils such as the Sinhalese, Moors and Veddhas. Tamil loan words in Sinhala also follow the characteristics of Sri Lankan Tamil dialects. [154]
The Sri Lankan military's control and domination of the Tamil population, along with systematic land grabs have been described by Damien Short as part of a "genocidal process that is destroying the land-based political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental foundations" of the Tamil community. [102]
The Sri Lankan government had designated a no-fire zone in Mullivaikkal towards the end of the war. According to the UN, between 40,000 and 70,000 [1] entrapped Tamil civilians were killed by the actions of government forces, with the large majority of these civilian deaths being the result of indiscriminate shelling by the Sri Lankan Armed Forces.
Post-independent Sri Lankan governments attempted to reduce the increased presence of the Tamil minority in government jobs, [27] [28] which led to ethnic discrimination, seeded hatred and division policies [29] including the "Sinhala Only Act" and anti-Tamil riots, which gave rise to separatist ideologies among many Tamil leaders. [30]
As early as 1972, S. J. V. Chelvanayakam had suggested that the Sri Lankan Tamils of the north and east may seek a separate state in response to the discrimination by the Sri Lankan government. [13] In 1974, all major Tamil parties representing Tamils in the North east came under one forum (named as Tamil United Liberation Front - TULF).
The 1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] also known as the Gal Oya riots, was the first organised pogrom against Sri Lankan Tamils in the Dominion of Ceylon ...
The Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan civil war was the deployment of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka intended to perform a peacekeeping role. The deployment followed the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord between India and Sri Lanka of 1987 which was intended to end the Sri Lankan civil war between separatist Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists, principally the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ...