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Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a progressively worsening condition where muscles in the extremities gradually weaken. The disorder, a pure motor neuropathy syndrome, is sometimes mistaken for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because of the similarity in the clinical picture, especially if muscle fasciculations are present.
LSS exhibits a multifocal distribution, with conduction block serving as the disease's electrophysiological hallmark. Furthermore, there have been reports of pure motor and sensory CIDP variants, with the latter occasionally limited to sensory nerve roots (chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy).
Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) with conduction block is closely related to CIDP (chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy). Anti-GM1 antibodies are positive in around 80% of cases. MMN will present with asymmetrical motor neuropathy where reflexes are usually preserved (or slightly increased), affecting upper limb more than lower limb.
These symptoms are caused specifically by metabolic blocks, demyelination, and axonmetesis. A metabolic block is the temporary deprivation of nourishment from the blood supply which is readily reversed if the ischema does not last too long. [4] Demyelination will interfere with conduction of signals along the nerve. [4]
Additionally, BP control in those with diabetes is helpful, while intravenous immunoglobulin is used for multifocal motor neuropathy. [1] According to Lopate, et al., methylprednisolone is a viable treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinative polyneuropathy (which can also be treated with intravenous immunoglobulin).
SA blocks rarely give severe symptoms, because even if an individual had complete block at this level of the conduction system (which is uncommon), the secondary pacemaker of the heart would be at the AV node, which would fire at 40 to 60 beats a minute, which is enough to retain consciousness in the resting state. However SA block is capable ...
Second-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart.It is a conduction block between the atria and ventricles.The presence of second-degree AV block is diagnosed when one or more (but not all) of the atrial impulses fail to conduct to the ventricles due to impaired conduction.
EKG changes may be present, showing low voltage and conduction abnormalities like atrioventricular block or sinus node dysfunction. [8] Atrial fibrillation (AF) is observed in up to 70% of patients at the time of diagnosis, and patients typically have controlled ventricular rates caused by concomitant conduction system disease.