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Microscopy of keratin filaments inside cells. Keratin (/ ˈ k ɛr ə t ɪ n / [1] [2]) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. Alpha-keratin (α-keratin) is a type of keratin found in vertebrates.
Keratinization is part of the physical barrier formation (cornification), in which the keratinocytes produce more and more keratin and undergo terminal differentiation. The fully cornified keratinocytes that form the outermost layer are constantly shed off and replaced by new cells.
Keratohyalin is a protein structure found in cytoplasmic granules of the keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.Keratohyalin granules (KHG) mainly consist of keratin, profilaggrin, [1] loricrin [2] and trichohyalin proteins which contribute to cornification or keratinization, the process of the formation of epidermal cornified cell envelope.
The skin of the face is thicker than the skin overlying the lips where blood vessels are closer to the surface. As a consequence, the margin of the lips shows a transition between the thicker and thinner skin, represented by the vermilion border. It therefore has the appearance of a sharp line between the coloured edge of the lip and adjoining ...
Because of the differences between mucous membranes and the skin (e.g., keratinizing mucosa does not have a stratum lucidum and non keratinizing mucosa does not have this layer or normally a stratum corneum or a stratum granulosum), sometimes specialized texts give slightly different definitions of hyperkeratosis in the context of mucosae.
Parakeratosis is a mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. [1] In mucous membranes , parakeratosis is normal. [ 2 ] In the skin, this process leads to the abnormal replacement of annular squames with nucleated cells.
Keratosis (from kerat-+ -osis) [1] is a growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes stemming from keratinocytes, the prominent cell type in the epidermis. More specifically, it can refer to: actinic keratosis (also known as solar keratosis), a premalignant condition; chronic scar keratosis; hydrocarbon keratosis
Punctate porokeratosis is a skin condition associated with either classic porokeratosis or linear porokeratosis types of porokeratosis, and is characterized by multiple, minute, and discrete punctate, hyperkeratotic, seed-like skin lesions surrounded by a thin, raised margin on the palms and soles. [1]: 535 [2]: 1668