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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 January 2025. The following is a list of mental disorders as defined at any point by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness, mental health condition, or psychiatric ...
Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, [12] also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. [3] It is usually associated with developmental delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability , and characteristic physical features.
Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease; Legius syndrome; Leiner's disease; Lelis syndrome; Lemierre's syndrome; Lennox–Gastaut syndrome; Lenz microphthalmia syndrome; Lenz–Majewski syndrome; Leriche's syndrome; Leschke syndrome; Lesch–Nyhan syndrome; Lethal congenital contracture syndrome; Lethal white syndrome
This is a list of mental disorders as defined in the DSM-IV, the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Published by the American Psychiatry Association (APA), it was released in May 1994, [1] superseding the DSM-III-R (1987).
An alternate, widely used classification publication is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), produced by the World Health Organization (WHO). [13] The ICD has a broader scope than the DSM, covering overall health as well as mental health; chapter 6 of the ICD specifically covers mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Ancient civilizations described and treated a number of mental disorders. Mental illnesses were well known in ancient Mesopotamia, [152] where diseases and mental disorders were believed to be caused by specific deities. [153] Because hands symbolized control over a person, mental illnesses were known as "hands" of certain deities. [153]
Mosaic Down syndrome: Only some cells in the person have an extra copy of chromosome 21. This genetic cause is considered rare. This genetic cause is considered rare.
Guidelines for clinical diagnosis are given in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases 9th edition. Special needs can range from people with autism, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, dyslexia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia, dysgraphia, blindness, deafness, ADHD, and cystic fibrosis.