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Electrokinetic phenomena are a family of several different effects that occur in heterogeneous fluids, or in porous bodies filled with fluid, or in a fast flow over a flat surface. The term heterogeneous here means a fluid containing particles.
In general, the phenomena relate to the direct conversion of electrical energy into kinetic energy, and vice versa. In the first instance, shaped electrostatic fields (ESF's) create hydrostatic pressure (HSP, or motion) in dielectric media. When such media are fluids, a flow is produced. If the dielectric is a vacuum or a solid, no flow is ...
Electrokinetics or electrokinetic may refer to: Electrohydrodynamics, the study of the dynamics of electrically charged fluids; Electrokinetic phenomena, a family of several different effects that occur in heterogeneous fluids; Zeta potential, a scientific term for electrokinetic potential
visualized induced-charge electrokinetic flow pattern around a carbon-steel sphere (diameter = 1.2 mm). Four induced vortices are shown using fluorescent particles with a diameter of 1.90 μm. The DC electric field is applied from left to right and equals 40V/cm. The dashed line represents the particle boundary.
A streaming current and streaming potential are two interrelated electrokinetic phenomena studied in the areas of surface chemistry and electrochemistry. They are an electric current or potential which originates when an electrolyte is driven by a pressure gradient through a channel or porous plug with charged walls. [1] [2] [3]
Electro-osmotic flow was first reported in 1807 by Ferdinand Friedrich Reuss (18 February 1778 (Tübingen, Germany) – 14 April 1852 (Stuttgart, Germany)) [1] in an unpublished lecture before the Physical-Medical Society of Moscow; [2] Reuss first published an account of electro-osmotic flow in 1809 in the Memoirs of the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow.
where ε r is the dielectric constant of the dispersion medium, ε 0 is the permittivity of free space (C 2 N −1 m −2), η is dynamic viscosity of the dispersion medium (Pa s), and ζ is zeta potential (i.e., the electrokinetic potential of the slipping plane in the double layer, units mV or V).
Electrocapillary phenomena are phenomena related to changes in the surface free energy (or interfacial tension) of charged fluid interfaces, for example that of the dropping mercury electrode (DME), or in principle, any electrode, as the electrode potential changes or the electrolytic solution composition and concentration change.