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Bell, P.M.H. France and Britain, 1900–1940: Entente and Estrangement (1996) Brandenburg, Erich. (1927) From Bismarck to the World War: A History of German Foreign Policy 1870–1914 (1927) online Archived 2017-03-15 at the Wayback Machine. Brogan, D.W. The development of modern France (1870–1939) (1949) pp 432–62.online free
The Battle of the Frontiers is a general name for all of the operations of the French armies until the Battle of the Marne. [1] A series of encounter battles began between the German, French and Belgian armies on the German–French frontier and in southern Belgium on 4 August 1914.
The zone rouge (English: red zone) is a chain of non-contiguous areas throughout northeastern France that the French government isolated after the First World War. The land, which originally covered more than 1,200 square kilometres (460 square miles), was deemed too physically and environmentally damaged by conflict for human habitation.
Belgium denies permission for German forces to pass through to the French border. [15] [16] Politics: Switzerland declares its neutrality and mobilises for defence purposes. [17] [18] Politics: Sweden declares neutrality in the conflict between Germany, Russia and France [6] August 4 Western: German invasion of Belgium (1914) [19] to outflank ...
The Battle of Lorraine (14 August – 7 September 1914) was a battle on the Western Front during the First World War.The armies of France and Germany had completed their mobilisation, the French with Plan XVII, to conduct an offensive through Lorraine and Alsace into Germany and the Germans with Aufmarsch II West, for an offensive in the north through Luxembourg and Belgium into France ...
31 July – Jean Jaurès, leader of the French socialists, assassinated by a mentally-disturbed man in the Café du Croissant on the Rue du Croissant in Montmartre. 1 August – Mobilization of French army reservists. 3 August – Germany declares war on France. 29 August - The French government and National Assembly depart Paris for Bordeaux. [19]
The battle was part of a French attempt to recover the province of Alsace, which France had ceded to the new empire following its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. The French occupied Mulhouse on 8 August and were then forced out by German counter-attacks on 10 August.
French infantry pushing through enemy barbed wire, 1915. During World War I, France was one of the Triple Entente powers allied against the Central Powers.Although fighting occurred worldwide, the bulk of the French Army's operations occurred in Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Alsace-Lorraine along what came to be known as the Western Front, which consisted mainly of trench warfare.