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Social groups in male and female prisons in the United States differ in the social structures and cultural norms observed in men's and women's prison populations. While there are many underlying similarities between the two sets of populations, sociologists have historically noted different formal and informal social structures within inmate populations.
Jazz was played in these speakeasies as a countercultural type of music to fit in with the illicit environment and events going on. [21] Jazz artists were therefore hired to play at speakeasies. Al Capone, the famous organized crime leader, gave jazz musicians previously living in poverty a steady and professional income.
In the 1920s, women singing jazz music were not many, but women playing instruments in jazz music were even less common. Mary Lou Williams, known for her talent as a piano player, is deemed as one of the "mothers of jazz" due to her singing while playing the piano at the same time. [4] Lovie Austin (1887–1972) was a piano player and bandleader.
Every day, they fan out across the prison, serving as something between a therapist and life coach to the roughly 2,100 women incarcerated at the facility, one of two women's prisons in California.
Although women form a minority in the global prison population, the population of incarcerated women is growing at a rate twice as fast as the male prison population. [5] Those imprisoned in China, Russia, and the United States comprise the great majority of incarcerated people, including women, in the world. [ 6 ]
Historically, sexual abuse within the prison and jail system has been prevalent as seen through years of sexual exploitation of incarcerated women by prison and jail administrators and guards. [65] Dating back to the 1800s, Estelle Freedman sheds light on the prison brothel that was run by male staff members of an Indiana state prison. [65]
It was the population boom in the eastern states that led to the reformation of the prison system in the U.S. [6] According to the Oxford History of the Prison, in order to function prisons "keep prisoners in custody, maintain order, control discipline and a safe environment, provide decent conditions for prisoners and meet their needs ...
Jazz music was an influence in helping women get jobs, as well as opening the environment for post-war equality and freer sexuality in the early twentieth century. [citation needed] Women in jazz music (many of whom were Black) helped shape what the genre has become today. [citation needed]