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A seizure is a sudden change in behavior, movement or consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. [ 3 ] [ 6 ] Seizures can look different in different people. It can be uncontrolled shaking of the whole body ( tonic-clonic seizures ) or a person spacing out for a few seconds ( absence seizures ).
In those whose seizures do not respond to medication; surgery, neurostimulation or dietary changes may be considered. [5] [6] Not all cases of epilepsy are lifelong, and many people improve to the point that treatment is no longer needed. [1] As of 2021, about 51 million people have epilepsy. Nearly 80% of cases occur in the developing world.
A seizure is a paroxysmal episode of symptoms or altered behavior arising from abnormal excessive or synchronous brain neuronal activity. [5] A focal onset seizure arises from a biological neural network within one cerebral hemisphere, while a generalized onset seizure arises from within the cerebral hemispheres rapidly involving both hemispheres.
Because epileptic seizures typically include convulsions, the term convulsion is often used as a synonym for seizure. [1] However, not all epileptic seizures result in convulsions, and not all convulsions are caused by epileptic seizures. [1] [2] Non-epileptic convulsions have no relation with epilepsy, and are caused by non-epileptic seizures. [1]
About 2-5% of all children will experience such a seizure during their childhood. [26] In most cases, a febrile seizure will not indicate epilepsy. [26] Approximately 40% of children who experience a febrile seizure will have another one. [26] In those with epilepsy, fever can trigger a seizure.
Epileptic seizures occur due to changes in the brain that result in the lowering of the seizure threshold in a particular individual making that person vulnerable to recurring seizures. [7] These changes can be a result of a structural abnormality, brain lesions, or simply a genetic disposition to seizures. [7] In reflex epilepsy, these changes ...
Epileptogenesis is the gradual process by which a typical brain develops epilepsy. [1] Epilepsy is a chronic condition in which seizures occur. [2] These changes to the brain occasionally cause neurons to fire in an abnormal, hypersynchronous manner, known as a seizure. [3]
The symptoms of these seizures can also be misconstrued as auras, especially for epileptics with multiple types of seizure diagnosis. This is due to the varying locations of the brain in which the seizures originate (e.g., Rolandic). A simple partial seizure may go unnoticed by others or shrugged off by the patient as merely a "funny turn."