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Endoscopic capsule end-on, showing six LEDs and camera lens. Image of the intestines acquired by capsule endoscopy Image of the colon acquired by capsule endoscopy. Capsule endoscopy is a medical procedure used to record internal images of the gastrointestinal tract for use in disease diagnosis.
An endoscope uses tubes only a few millimeters thick to transfer illumination in one direction and high-resolution video in the other, allowing minimally invasive surgeries. [1] It is used to examine the internal organs like the throat or esophagus. Specialized instruments are named after their target organ.
Transnasal esophagoscopy is an office based procedure in which the patient is anesthetized locally in the nose and sometimes the oropharynx.The scope is advanced into the ipsilateral pyriform sinus and through the esophageal inlet to the stomach, where the esophagus can be examined, with special attention paid to the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. [10]
The patient is sedated or anaesthetized. Then a flexible camera is inserted through the mouth, down the esophagus, into the stomach, through the pylorus into the duodenum where the ampulla of Vater (the union of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct) exists.
The enteroscope and overtube are inserted through the mouth and passed in conventional fashion (that is, as with gastroscopy) into the small bowel. [ 1 ] Following this, the endoscope is advanced a small distance in front of the overtube and the balloon at the end is inflated.
Normally closed body cavities (through a small incision): The abdominal or pelvic cavity (laparoscopy) The interior of a joint (arthroscopy) Organs of the chest (thoracoscopy and mediastinoscopy) Endoscopy is used for many procedures: During pregnancy. The amnion (amnioscopy) The fetus ; Plastic surgery; Panendoscopy (or triple endoscopy)
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Excessive insufflation of the stomach is avoided at this stage. The endoscope is quickly passed through the stomach and through the pylorus to examine the first and second parts of the duodenum. Once this has been completed, the endoscope is withdrawn into the stomach and a more thorough examination is performed including a J-maneuver.