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Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, [8] and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together.
The most common symptom of lymphocytic esophagitis is dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, prevalent in 53 to 57% of individuals with the condition [1] [2] due to inflammation, narrowing or altered movement of the esophagus. Other symptoms include heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea and food bolus obstruction.
Dysphagia to liquids, in particular, is a characteristic of achalasia. Other symptoms of achalasia include regurgitation, night coughing, chest pain, weight loss, and heartburn. The combination of achalasia, adrenal insufficiency, and alacrima (lack of tear production) in children is known as the triple-A (Allgrove) syndrome .
Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is a motility disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of chest pain or dysphagia as well as nonpropulsive (tertiary) contractions on radiographs. [ 5 ] Nutcracker esophagus is characterized by high-amplitude peristaltic contractions that are frequently prolonged and cause dysphagia and chest pain.
The standardized format for the history starts with the chief concern (why is the patient in the clinic or hospital?) followed by the history of present illness (to characterize the nature of the symptom(s) or concern(s)), the past medical history, the past surgical history, the family history, the social history, their medications, their ...
Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), also known as distal esophageal spasm, is a condition characterized by uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus, which may cause difficulty swallowing or regurgitation. In some cases, it may cause symptoms such as chest pain, similar to heart disease. In many cases, the cause of DES remains unknown.
The clinical examination and patient history should look for alarm symptoms. Alarm symptoms include dysphagia , especially if progressive, or odynophagia , overt gastrointestinal bleeding , such as melena or hematemesis , persistent vomiting , unintentional weight loss , family history of gastric or esophageal cancer , palpable abdominal or ...
Substance use disorder (SUD) is the persistent use of drugs despite substantial harm and adverse consequences to self and others. [8] Related terms include substance use problems [9] and problematic drug or alcohol use. [10] [11] Substance use disorders vary with regard to the average age of onset. [12]