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Models are required to estimate power consumption based on performance counters. These models correlate the data for different performance counters with power consumption and static models like above examples (First-order and Piece-wise linear) have different estimation errors due to variations across identical hardware. [4]
PowerTOP is a software utility designed to measure, explain and minimise a computer's electrical power consumption. [1] It was released by Intel in 2007 under the GPLv2 license. It works for Intel, AMD, ARM and UltraSPARC processors.
IT energy management or Green IT is the analysis and management of energy demand within the Information Technology department in any organization. IT energy demand accounts for approximately 2% of global CO 2 emissions, approximately the same level as aviation, [1] and represents over 10% of all the global energy consumption (over 50% of aviation's energy consumption). [2]
PC power management refers to software-based mechanisms for controlling the power use of personal computer hardware. This is typically achieved through software that puts the hardware into the lowest power demand state available, making it an aspect of green computing .
Active-state power management (ASPM) is a power management mechanism for PCI Express devices to garner power savings while otherwise in a fully active state. Predominantly, this is achieved through active-state link power management; i.e., the PCI Express serial link is powered down when there is no traffic across it.
The power management for microprocessors can be done over the whole processor, or in specific components, such as cache memory and main memory. With dynamic voltage scaling and dynamic frequency scaling, the CPU core voltage, clock rate, or both, can be altered to decrease power consumption at the price of potentially lower performance. This is ...
Processor manufacturers usually release two power consumption numbers for a CPU: typical thermal power, which is measured under normal load (for instance, AMD's average CPU power) maximum thermal power, which is measured under a worst-case load; For example, the Pentium 4 2.8 GHz has a 68.4 W typical thermal power and 85 W maximum thermal power.
The power measurement is often the average power used while running the benchmark, but other measures of power usage may be employed (e.g. peak power, idle power). For example, the early UNIVAC I computer performed approximately 0.015 operations per watt-second (performing 1,905 operations per second (OPS), while consuming 125 kW).