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Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and has the status of an additional official language in Haryana and Delhi. Some of its major urban centres in northern India are Amritsar, Ludhiana, Chandigarh, Jalandhar, Ambala, Patiala, Bathinda, Hoshiarpur, Firozpur and Delhi. Punjabi in India.
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Punjabi dictionaries are compilations of words and phrases used in the Punjabi-language and its dialects. Punjabi dictionaries were first published in the 19th century by printing presses operated by Christian missionaries. [ 1] Punjabi dictionaries exist in romanized Punjabi, Gurmukhi, and Shahmukhi, or combinations of the three.
[2] [3] The majority of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. [4] [5] Urdu is the national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for inter-communication between different ethnic groups.
Shahmukhi (Punjabi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth '; Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
Punjabi culture grew out of the settlements along the five rivers (the name Punjab, is derived from two Persian words, Panj meaning "Five" and Âb meaning "Water") which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE. [1] Agriculture has been the major economic feature of ...
Google Translate is a web-based free-to-use translation service developed by Google in April 2006. [12] It translates multiple forms of texts and media such as words, phrases and webpages. Originally, Google Translate was released as a statistical machine translation (SMT) service. [12] The input text had to be translated into English first ...
The prevalent view among Punjabi linguists is that as in the early stages the Gurmukhī letters were primarily used by the Guru's followers, gurmukhs (literally, those who face, or follow, the Guru, as opposed to a manmukh); the script thus came to be known as gurmukhī, "the script of those guided by the Guru."